so expensive material

Western Europe also formed

term manuscript (late lat.manuscriptum,

By the end of the 15th century, 35

secular brotherhoods of scribes.

inventions of typography

then only a few have reached us

By the end of the 15th century, 35

Many calligraphers have acquired

handwritten by the author.

handwritten books were made,

Century to a kind of destruction:

Libraries of the Carolingian era). IN

commonly associated with