European glory, and even after

works of art.

, text and illustrations to which

(palimpsests). In the XIII-XV centuries in

and was erased, and on cleaned

manuscripts underwent in the Middle

Since manuscripts are subject to deterioration

antiquities. These are the Egyptian papyri

Libraries of the Carolingian era). IN

handwritten books were made,

secular brotherhoods of scribes.

then only a few have reached us

"Julia's Garland" (fr. Guirlande de Julie)

inventions of typography